Evaluation of the phytoremediation potential of two. Phytoremediation of lead in residential soils in dorchester, ma lead paint was widely used until 1978. Phytoremediation, the use of plants in remediation, is one such. The uptake, accumulation and degradation of contaminants vary from plant to plant. Extensive pesticide use over several decades has resulted in the contamination of soils and water bodies. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. Compared to other methods used to remove toxic substances from soils, phytoremediation is often less expensive, although it may take. During phytoremediation, pahs that are resistant to degradation may adsorb to the surfaces of plant roots, making the roots an important sink for specific pahs. Plants are unique organisms equipped with remarkable metabolic. The internal mass source is ambient oxygenate captured upon sealing the chamber. Phytoremediation is one of the safer, economical, and environmentfriendly techniques in which plants are used to recover polluted soils.
Constructed wetland systems cws are one of the most common applications using phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly, safe and cheap technique used to eliminate pollutants from an environment. Phytoextraction uses hyperaccumulating plants, like common sunflowers, to take up and store pollutants in stems, roots, and leaves the most frequent method. In recent years, phytoremediation has been used at a number of sites in the united. This technology has been used for hundreds of years to treat human waste, re duce erosion, and protect water quality. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at. A plant genetically modified that accumulates pb is. Beside the natural activities, almost all human activities also have potential contribution to produce heavy metals as side effects. A plant genetically modified that accumulates pb is especially promising for phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of copper contaminated water using elodea. Phytoremediation makes use of the ability of green plants to accumulate or degrade contaminants. A good example is provided by boraphech, suksabye, kulinfra, konsang, and thiravetyan 2016 who used the popular plant sansevieria spp.
Phytoremediation is the use of plants to clean up or remediate contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and ground water through contaminant removal, degradation, andor containment 32. Plants can help clean up many types of contaminants including metals, pesticides, explosives, and oil. Prospects of genetic engineering of plants for phytoremediation of toxic metals. Phytoremediation can be used to decontaminate large areas without damaging the land. It was one of the first webenabled applications deve\. The term phytoremediation phyto plant and remediation. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated. To minimise such risk, phytoremediation comes into play. Natural resources conservation service national plant data team npdt nrcs. The word phytoremediation comes from the greek word phyto plant, and the latin word remedium restoring balance. Kotrba, pavel, jitka najmanova, tomas macek, tomas ruml, and martina mackova. Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water.
Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment. Guide to phytoremediation of highway runoff november 2001 ii disclaimer the guide should not be construed as policy of caltrans. Introduction to phytoremediation phytoremediation is a broad term that has been in use since 1991 to describe the use of plants to reduce the volume, mobility, or toxicity of contaminants in soil, groundwater, or other contaminated media mccutcheon 2003. The removal of inorganic contaminants from the soil through plant uptake and subsequent harvest and removal of biomass. Phytostabilization involves the use of the plant to restrict the movement of contaminants in the soil.
This research investigated the possibility of achieving soil cleanup using native plants that also provided aboveground benefits, including wildlife habitat. Nov 09, 2011 because the plants used for phytoremediation now contain high levels of contaminants in their tissues, they have become harmful waste that need to be appropriately disposed of. Use of brassica plants in the phytoremediation and. The ultimate goal is to use plants to reduce the risk of human exposure. Phytoremediation processes rely on the ability of plants to take up andor metabolize pollutants to less toxic substances. As with other phytoremediation techniques, the plants used should be easy to establish and care for, grow quickly, have dense canopies and root systems, and be tolerant of any of the pollutants at the site as well as other site conditions which may limit plant growth. This technology is environmental friendly and potentially. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief view about factors affecting heavy metals uptake by plant species, to discuss the different phytoremediation strategies of heavy metal contaminated soils and the advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation and each of its mechanisms. Plants thus have the capacity to convert harmful substances into useful sources of nutrition. Heavy metals are among the contaminants in the environment. Currently, phytoremediation is an effective and affordable technological solution used to extract or remove inactive metals and metal pollutants from.
By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Two plant species, centella asiatica and orthosiphon stamineus were investigated on their potential to be used as phytoremediation agents. Broadly, phytoremediation can be costeffective for a large sites with shallow residuallevels of. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Phytoremediation is the use of certain plants to immobilize, extract, degrade andor accumulate toxic elements, mainly heavy metals and. Phytometabolism plants break down toxic material into nontoxic forms.
According to research, festuca arundfinacea indicates good usefulness for phytostabilisation of soils that are characterized by a relatively small pollution by cadmium. It is a technology that uses plants to treat environmental pollution problems. Three case studies on the use of phytoremediation technologies for remediation of volatile organic. It is environmentally friendly and cheap, unlike other clean up options. Plants, used as remediation techniques, take up the heavy metals to produce an internal concentration greater than. Phytoremediation potential of fastgrowing energy plants. Present phytoremediation system characteristics that site managers and others might find useful in assessing the potential applicability of phytoremediation to a specific site. The term comes from the greek word for plants phyto that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water contaminated with heavy metals or excess minerals. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology which involves the use of different types of plants to degrade extract, contain, or immobilize contaminants from the soil and water. This process uses plants to absorb, concentrate, and precipitate. It designates all vegetation based remediation measures.
Nowadays, however, this biomass is increasingly used to produce heat and electricity. First named by carolus linneaus in 1753 native to central asia in the family cannabacea other members include humulus and celtis has been used for 10,000 years, one of first cultivated plants. On the other hand, this ability forms the basis for phytoremediation. Interest in phytoremediation as a method to solve environmental contamination has been growing rapidly in recent years. Phytoremediation principles have been applied for centuries in europe and the middle east where. This approach is primarily used for the treatment of contaminated soils. Phytoremediation of indoor air also opens up new possibilities for human wellbeing. Heavy metals are among the most important sorts of contaminant in the environment. Phytoremediation of lead from wastewater using aquatic plants.
In this context, phytoremediation is being increasingly adopted wherein certain plants are used to adsorb or degrade the pollutants. Phytoremediation is an important innovative, sustainable and low cost remediation alternative compared to traditional remediation techniques. The major problem of environmental concern, facing kano. Phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other. Research focusing specifically on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils has. Used in phytoremediation biotransfer possibilities of. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering. Recently, the use of aquatic plants especially micro and macro algae has received much attention due to their ability to absorption of metals and taking up toxic elements from the. Phytoremediation of copper contaminated water using. Research focusing specifically on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils has only grown significantly in the last 25 years. A list of plants used in phytoremediation is given in table 9. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant characteristics.
Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b99003. Phytoremediation is a relatively new technology that offers clear. These mechanisms are related to the processes that plants use to take up organic and inorganic contaminants, but the role of the plant. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to absorb pollutants from the environment and to ultimately turn an area that was previously polluted, to any environment that can thrive. Introduction phytoremediation is a process that use of green plants to clean up pollution in the environment. Raskin i, ensley bd eds phytoremediation of toxic metals using plants to clean up the environment.
Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment, destruction, or an extraction technique. Generally, phytoremediation entails five processes of decontamination, for example rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytoextraction, phytovolatilization and phytodegradation. Furthermore, it is an important forage grass throughout europe. These pesticides may have a variety of detrimental effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms, and could lead to disruption of the ecosystem. Plants for phytoremediation in constructed wetlands offer, therefore, a suitable alternative for pollution cleanup. Possible mass outputs include adsorption to the chamber and adsorption and diffusion into plant tissues during chamber collection. Phytoremediation principles have been applied for centuries in europe and the middle east where agrarian cultures used plants to buffer streams from animal manure contamination. Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf.
Phytoremediation is the use of plants to clean up a contamination from soils, sediments, and water. Cadmium cd is a very toxic heavy metal occurring in places with anthropogenic activities, making it one of the most important environmental pollutants. Plants ability to accumulate heavy metals may cause problems to human health when contamination of food crops is too high. May 30, 2019 professor brooks work on heavy metal hyperaccumulation by plants led to questions as to how this knowledge could be used to clean polluted soils. Phytoremediation is a biological technology process that utilizes natural plant processes to enhance degradation and removal of contaminants in contaminated soil or groundwater.
Phytoextraction removes metals or organics from soils by accumulating them in the biomass of plants. Plants can degrade organic pollutants or contain and stabilize metal contaminants by acting as filters or traps. Phytodegradation, or phytotransformation, is the use of plants to uptake, store and degrade organic pollutants. Pdf phytoremediation is a relatively new approach to removing contaminants from the environment. Increase soil health, yield, and plant phytochemicals. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. Phytoremediation involves growing plants in a contaminated matrix. In those systems, the interactions of plants and microorganisms act for pollutant removal.
Read online phytoremediation of lead from wastewater using aquatic plants book pdf free download link book now. Pilar bernal, ramon serrano, and juan navarroavino. Download phytoremediation of lead from wastewater using aquatic plants book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. Plants used for phytoremediation in sustainable bioremediation treatmentcleanuprestoration projects to contain, degrade, or eliminate transient pollutionwaste andor onsite pollutiontoxins. For a long time, the only way of doing this was incineration. Aquatic plants can be used in bioremediation phytoremediation especially to remediate sites contaminated with heavy metals. Abstract phytoremediation, the use of green plants to clean up polluted soil and water resources has received much attention in the last few years. It is not a design manual, and is not intended to provide enough information.
A citizens guide to phytoremediation pdf file, 88 kb united states environmental protection agency, technology innovation office. Plants are used either to remove or to stabilize hold in place pollution in the soil. In flanders, phytoremediation is used in a limited extend. Lead is highly toxic and can cause neurological problems. It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation can be used to clean up metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. Types of the method of phytoremediation used depends on the type and amount of pollution, as well as what type of area it is found in. Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used to remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water. Internal mass sinks include mtbe consumption and tba generation due to. Pesticides can either these ecosystems either by intentional application, or incidentally by spray drift, surface water runoff, or spills. List of 10 plants used in phytoremediation health guide net. The term phytoremediation comes from the ancient greek word phyto meaning plant and the latin word remedium meaning restoring balance. The following points highlight the five mechanisms of metal phytoremediation by plants. Natural hyperaccumulators include iberis intermedia and thlaspi spp.
The technology is a form of bioremediation the use of organisms to clean up contaminated soil and applies to all chemical or physical processes that involve plants for degrading or immobilizing contaminants in soil and groundwater. Jun 15, 2019 7 plants used in phytoremediation that can clean polluted soil june 15, 2019 june 15, 2019 by your health remedys staff in recent decades, severe contamination of soils by heavy metals has been reported. Phytoremediation offers owners and managers of metal contami. Phytoremediation can be carried out in a number of ways.
In 1993, a united states patent was filed by a company called phytotech. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Explore phytoremediation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses various plants to degrade, extract, contain, or immobilize contaminants from soil and water. There are three types of phytoremediation processes, including. The plants database was first put on the web in late 1994 or early 1995. The guide is intended to be used as a guidance document to demonstrate application of phytoremediation in highway storm water runoff drainage designs.
Phytoremediation is a green emerging technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. Phytoremediation, heavy metals, hyper accumulators, transgenic plants. They have a more interesting use for phytoremediation as well. Phytoremediation uses plants to clean up contaminated. The ideal plant to make practical use of the phytorey mediation technique must necessarily have a considerable capacity of metal uptake, accumulation and. Pdf phytoremediation and hyperaccumulator plants researchgate. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to improve degraded environments. Mechanisms used to remediate soils contaminated by heavy metal are. Forumusing superplants to clean up our environment phytoremediation is an innovative use of green plants to clean up our environment. Several methods already used to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to get optimum results. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a. We take a closer look at 5 of best plants for phytoremediation. As international journal of molecular sciences has published, heavy metals affect not only industrial sites but also cultivated land, spreading risks for human health. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils.
The use of plants and the microbes associated with their growth to cleanup contaminated soils and water phytoremediation is an innovative technique approved by state and federal regulators for use in fullscale restoration of hazardous waste sites. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by calcifying macroalgae anthropogenic activities release heavy metals into water bodies which can lead to imbalancement of the ecosystem. Phytoremediation resource guide technologies for cleaning. Sep 12, 2017 phytoremediation phytoremediation definition. Assisting phytoremediation of heavy metals using chemical. Tall fescue and alfalfa were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions, and roots were harvested at three growth stages. Additional benefits are also expected in terms of the quality of the living environment, natural capital, biodiversity and ecosystem services. Pdf phytoremediation is a group of technologies that use plants to reduce, remove, degrade, or immobilize environmental toxins, primarily those of. The plants used in phytoremediation are generally selected on the basis of their growth rate and. This technology has been receiving attention lately as an innovative, costeffective alternative to the more. This technology has been receiving attention lately as an innovative, costeffective alternative to the more established treatment methods used. These plant are found in the brassicaceae, euphorbiaceae, asteraceae, lamiaceae and scrophulariaceae familes.
This green technology that involved tolerant plants has been utilized to clean up soil and ground water from heavy metals and other toxic organic compounds. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016. Rapid advances in the last few years has helped us in the understanding of process of bioremediation. Metabolism of these pollutants often results in degradation to nontoxic substances that can even be used by the plants and their microbial partners as sources of carbon, phosphorous, nitrogen, sulfur, and in some cases, trace elements. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living plants for in situ remediation of contaminated. This technology has been receiving attention lately as an innovative, costeffective alternative to the more established treatment methods used at hazardous waste sites. Phytoremediation is defined as a process of decontaminating soil and aquatic systems by using plants, fungi or algae to absorb heavy metals. Application of floating aquatic plants in phytoremediation of. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Phytoremediation involves growing plants in a contaminated matrix to remove environmental contaminants by facilitating sequestration andor degradation detoxification of the pollutants. Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical.
Moreover, phytoremediation has been used extensively in europe in modern times and has become popular in north america in the last 20 years 18. Dec 29, 2011 limitations phytoremediation is limited to the surface area and depth occupied by the roots. Plant species used for phytoremediation over 500 plant species are reported to have hyperaccumulation properties. Researches in environmental biotechnology promise to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency by a known phytoremediator plant. However, they work best where contaminant levels are low because high concentrations may. The first article on phytoremediation was written by scientists at rutgers university about the use of speciallyselected and engineered metalaccumulating plants used to clean polluted soils. Phytoremediation plants are used for recovery of metalcontaminated soils by their ability to absorb and tolerate high concentrations of heavy metals. Phytoremediation has been studied extensively in research and smallscale demonstrations, but full scale applications are currently limited in number. Some recommended plants which are commonly used in phytoremediation and their capability to reduce the contaminant are also reported.